📚 Parts of Speech

8 Kelas Kata dalam Bahasa Inggris

← Materi Tenses 🎯 Quiz Parts of Speech

🤔 Apa itu Parts of Speech?

Parts of Speech (Kelas Kata) adalah kategori kata berdasarkan fungsinya dalam kalimat. Ada 8 jenis kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris.

📦

Noun

Kata Benda

👤

Pronoun

Kata Ganti

⚡

Verb

Kata Kerja

🎨

Adjective

Kata Sifat

🏃

Adverb

Kata Keterangan

🔗

Preposition

Kata Depan

➕

Conjunction

Kata Hubung

❗

Interjection

Kata Seru

🇮🇩 Kenapa Sulit untuk Orang Indonesia?

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kelas kata tidak terlalu ketat. Kata yang sama bisa jadi kata benda atau kata kerja tanpa perubahan bentuk. Contoh: "makan" bisa kata benda ("Makan siang") atau kata kerja ("Saya makan").

Dalam bahasa Inggris, setiap kata punya kelas yang jelas dan bentuknya sering berbeda: "eat" (verb) vs "food" (noun).

📦

1. Nouns (Kata Benda)

Kata yang menyatakan nama orang, tempat, benda, atau konsep.

📝 Jenis-Jenis Noun

Countable Nouns (Dapat Dihitung)

Benda yang bisa dihitung: 1 book, 2 books, 3 books

book car apple student chair

Uncountable Nouns (Tidak Dapat Dihitung)

Benda yang tidak bisa dihitung, tidak punya bentuk plural

water rice information furniture advice

🔢 Singular vs Plural

Regular Plurals

Aturan Singular Plural
Tambah -s book, car, dog books, cars, dogs
Tambah -es (akhiran s, x, z, ch, sh) bus, box, watch buses, boxes, watches
Konsonan + y → -ies baby, city, story babies, cities, stories
Vokal + y → -s boy, key, day boys, keys, days
f/fe → -ves knife, wife, leaf knives, wives, leaves

Irregular Plurals

Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
tooth teeth
foot feet
mouse mice
person people

Plural yang Sama dengan Singular

sheep → sheep fish → fish deer → deer series → series species → species

💡 Contoh Kalimat

I have three books on my desk.

Saya punya tiga buku di meja saya.

She gave me some advice.

Dia memberi saya beberapa nasihat.

⚠️ "Advice" uncountable, tidak bisa "advices"

The children are playing in the park.

Anak-anak sedang bermain di taman.

Irregular plural: child → children

❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya

❌ "I need some informations."

✅ "I need some information."

Information adalah uncountable noun. Tidak punya bentuk plural. Sama seperti: advice, furniture, homework, news.

❌ "I bought two furnitures."

✅ "I bought two pieces of furniture." atau "I bought some furniture."

Furniture uncountable. Kalau mau hitung, pakai "pieces of" atau "items of".

❌ "There are many peoples in the room."

✅ "There are many people in the room."

People sudah bentuk plural dari "person". Tidak perlu tambah -s lagi.

❌ "I have three childs."

✅ "I have three children."

Irregular plural: child → children (bukan childs).

👤

2. Pronouns (Kata Ganti)

Kata yang menggantikan noun untuk menghindari pengulangan.

📝 Jenis-Jenis Pronoun

Subject Object Possessive Adj Possessive Pron Reflexive
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its - itself
we us our ours ourselves
they them their theirs themselves

Subject Pronouns

Digunakan sebagai subjek kalimat (yang melakukan aksi)

I love you. She is beautiful.

Object Pronouns

Digunakan sebagai objek (yang menerima aksi)

He loves me. I saw him yesterday.

Possessive Adjectives

Menunjukkan kepemilikan, diikuti noun

This is my book. Her name is Sarah.

Possessive Pronouns

Menunjukkan kepemilikan, TIDAK diikuti noun

This book is mine. That car is hers.

Reflexive Pronouns

Subjek dan objek adalah orang yang sama

I hurt myself. She taught herself English.

💡 Contoh Kalimat

I gave him my book.

Saya memberi dia buku saya.

I (subject), him (object), my (possessive adj)

This is my car. That one is yours.

Ini mobil saya. Yang itu punyamu.

my + noun, yours (tanpa noun)

She looked at herself in the mirror.

Dia melihat dirinya sendiri di cermin.

Reflexive: subjek = objek

❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya

❌ "Me and my friend went to the mall."

✅ "My friend and I went to the mall."

Sebagai subjek, pakai I (bukan me). Sopan santun: sebut orang lain dulu, baru diri sendiri.

❌ "This is my book."

✅ "This is mine." atau "This book is mine."

Possessive pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers) TIDAK diikuti noun. Possessive adjective (my, your, his, her) HARUS diikuti noun.

❌ "Its a beautiful day."

✅ "It's a beautiful day."

Its = kepemilikan (its tail). It's = it is (it's raining).

❌ "Between you and I..."

✅ "Between you and me..."

Setelah preposition (between, for, with), pakai object pronoun (me, him, her, us, them).

⚡

3. Verbs (Kata Kerja)

Kata yang menyatakan aksi, kondisi, atau keadaan.

📝 Jenis-Jenis Verb

Action Verbs (Kata Kerja Aksi)

Menyatakan aksi yang bisa dilihat, bisa pakai continuous tense

run eat write play work study

Stative Verbs (Kata Kerja Keadaan)

Menyatakan kondisi/perasaan, TIDAK bisa pakai continuous

know love hate believe want need

💡 Contoh Kalimat

She runs every morning.

Dia berlari setiap pagi.

Action verb - bisa pakai continuous

I know the answer.

Saya tahu jawabannya.

Stative verb - tidak bisa "I am knowing"

❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya

❌ "I am knowing the answer."

✅ "I know the answer."

Know, love, hate, believe, want, need, understand adalah stative verbs. Tidak bisa pakai continuous tense.

🎨

4. Adjectives (Kata Sifat)

Kata yang menjelaskan atau memberi informasi tentang noun.

📝 Order of Adjectives

Kalau ada lebih dari 1 adjective, urutannya: OSASCOMP

1

Opinion

beautiful, ugly, nice

2

Size

big, small, large

3

Age

old, new, young

4

Shape

round, square, flat

5

Color

red, blue, green

6

Origin

Italian, Japanese

7

Material

wooden, metal

8

Purpose

sleeping, dining

a beautiful small old round red Italian wooden dining table

📊 Comparative & Superlative

Adjective Comparative Superlative
tall (short) taller tallest
beautiful (long) more beautiful most beautiful
good (irregular) better best
bad (irregular) worse worst

😊 -ed vs -ing Adjectives

-ed (Perasaan)

Bagaimana seseorang merasa

bored interested tired excited

-ing (Sifat)

Apa yang menyebabkan perasaan

boring interesting tiring exciting

I am bored.

Saya merasa bosan.

The movie is boring.

Filmnya membosankan.

❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya

❌ "This is more better than that."

✅ "This is better than that."

Good → better (irregular). Tidak perlu "more".

❌ "I am boring."

✅ "I am bored." (Saya merasa bosan)

"I am boring" = Saya membosankan (sifat saya). "I am bored" = Saya merasa bosan (perasaan saya).

🏃

5. Adverbs (Kata Keterangan)

Kata yang menjelaskan verb, adjective, atau adverb lain.

📝 Jenis-Jenis Adverb

Manner (Cara)

How? Bagaimana?

quickly slowly carefully well

Place (Tempat)

Where? Di mana?

here there everywhere outside

Time (Waktu)

When? Kapan?

now yesterday soon already

Frequency (Frekuensi)

How often? Seberapa sering?

always usually often never

Degree (Tingkat)

How much? Seberapa?

very quite too enough

💡 Contoh Kalimat

She speaks English well.

Dia berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan baik.

Adverb of manner

I always wake up at 6 AM.

Saya selalu bangun jam 6 pagi.

Adverb of frequency

❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya

❌ "She speaks English good."

✅ "She speaks English well."

Good = adjective. Well = adverb. Untuk menjelaskan verb, pakai adverb.

❌ "He drives fastly."

✅ "He drives fast."

Fast bisa adjective dan adverb. Tidak ada "fastly".

🔗

6. Prepositions (Kata Depan)

Kata yang menunjukkan hubungan antara noun/pronoun dengan kata lain.

Prepositions sudah dijelaskan lengkap di halaman terpisah.

📍 Pelajari Prepositions →
➕

7. Conjunctions (Kata Hubung)

Kata yang menghubungkan kata, frasa, atau kalimat.

📝 Jenis-Jenis Conjunction

Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

Menghubungkan dua kalimat yang setara

for and nor but or yet so

Subordinating Conjunctions

Menghubungkan kalimat utama dengan kalimat anak

because although if when while since

💡 Contoh Kalimat

I like coffee and tea.

Saya suka kopi dan teh.

I stayed home because it was raining.

Saya di rumah karena hujan.

❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya

❌ "Although it was raining, but I went out."

✅ "Although it was raining, I went out."

Tidak boleh pakai "although" dan "but" bersamaan. Pilih salah satu.

❌ "Because I was tired, so I slept."

✅ "Because I was tired, I slept."

Tidak boleh pakai "because" dan "so" bersamaan.

❗

8. Interjections (Kata Seru)

Kata yang menyatakan emosi atau perasaan mendadak.

💡 Contoh Interjections

Wow!

Kagum

Ouch!

Kesakitan

Hey!

Memanggil

Oh!

Terkejut

Oops!

Salah

Yay!

Senang

💡 Contoh Kalimat

Wow! That's amazing!

Wah! Itu luar biasa!

Ouch! That hurts!

Aduh! Itu sakit!

📊 Ringkasan Parts of Speech

Part of Speech Fungsi Contoh
📦 Noun Kata Benda book, water, children
👤 Pronoun Kata Ganti I, you, he, mine, myself
⚡ Verb Kata Kerja run, eat, know, love
🎨 Adjective Kata Sifat beautiful, big, bored
🏃 Adverb Kata Keterangan quickly, always, very
🔗 Preposition Kata Depan in, on, at, with
➕ Conjunction Kata Hubung and, but, because
❗ Interjection Kata Seru Wow! Ouch! Hey!