🤔 Apa itu Prepositions?
Prepositions (kata depan) adalah kata yang menunjukkan hubungan antara noun/pronoun dengan kata lain dalam kalimat. Biasanya menunjukkan tempat, waktu, arah, atau cara.
The book is on the table. (di atas meja)
I'll meet you at 5 PM. (pada jam 5)
🇮🇩 Kenapa Sulit untuk Orang Indonesia?
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kita sering pakai "di" untuk banyak situasi. Tapi dalam bahasa Inggris, "di" bisa jadi in, on, atau at tergantung konteks!
⏰ Prepositions of Time (Waktu)
AT
Waktu spesifik / titik waktu✓ I wake up at 6 AM every day.
✓ The meeting is at noon.
✓ We exchange gifts at Christmas.
ON
Hari & tanggal✓ I have a meeting on Monday.
✓ She was born on July 4th.
✓ We go to church on Sundays.
IN
Periode waktu yang lebih panjang✓ I was born in 1995.
✓ It's very hot in summer.
✓ I'll be there in 10 minutes.
📊 Perbandingan AT vs ON vs IN (Waktu)
| AT (titik) | ON (hari/tanggal) | IN (periode) |
|---|---|---|
| at 3 PM | on Monday | in January |
| at noon | on July 4th | in 2024 |
| at night | on my birthday | in the morning |
| at Christmas | on weekends | in summer |
❌ Kesalahan Umum (Waktu)
❌ I wake up in 6 AM.
✅ I wake up at 6 AM.
Jam spesifik selalu pakai AT.
❌ See you in Monday.
✅ See you on Monday.
Hari selalu pakai ON.
❌ I was born on 1995.
✅ I was born in 1995.
Tahun selalu pakai IN.
❌ I exercise at the morning.
✅ I exercise in the morning.
Morning/afternoon/evening pakai IN. Tapi "at night" (pengecualian).
📍 Prepositions of Place (Tempat)
AT
Titik/lokasi spesifik✓ I'm at home right now.
✓ She works at a bank.
✓ Meet me at the entrance.
Bayangkan AT sebagai titik di peta - lokasi spesifik tanpa memikirkan apakah di dalam atau di luar.
IN
Di dalam ruang/area tertutup✓ The keys are in my pocket.
✓ She lives in Tokyo.
✓ We're sitting in the car.
Bayangkan IN sebagai di dalam kotak - ada batas yang mengelilingi.
ON
Di atas permukaan / menempel✓ The book is on the table.
✓ There's a picture on the wall.
✓ I'm on the bus right now.
Bayangkan ON sebagai menempel di permukaan - ada kontak fisik.
🎨 Visualisasi IN vs ON vs AT
IN = di dalam
in the box, in the roomON = di atas/menempel
on the table, on the wallAT = di titik lokasi
at school, at the door📊 Perbandingan AT vs ON vs IN (Tempat)
| AT (titik lokasi) | ON (permukaan) | IN (di dalam) |
|---|---|---|
| at home | on the table | in the room |
| at school | on the wall | in Jakarta |
| at the door | on the bus | in the car |
| at the airport | on the beach | in the water |
🚗 Catatan Khusus: Transportasi
in the car, in a taxi, in a helicopter
Kendaraan kecil/pribadi (duduk membungkuk)on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on a bike
Kendaraan besar/umum (bisa berdiri/jalan)❌ Kesalahan Umum (Tempat)
❌ I live at Jakarta.
✅ I live in Jakarta.
Kota/negara selalu pakai IN.
❌ The picture is in the wall.
✅ The picture is on the wall.
Menempel di permukaan = ON.
❌ I'm in the bus.
✅ I'm on the bus.
Transportasi umum (bus, train, plane) pakai ON.
➡️ Prepositions of Direction (Arah)
TO
Menuju ke (arah/tujuan)
✓ I'm going to school.
✓ She walked to the door.
FROM
Dari (asal)
✓ I'm from Indonesia.
✓ The train from Jakarta.
INTO
Masuk ke dalam
✓ She walked into the room.
✓ Jump into the pool.
OUT OF
Keluar dari
✓ He ran out of the house.
✓ Get out of the car.
ONTO
Naik ke atas
✓ The cat jumped onto the table.
✓ Climb onto the roof.
OFF
Turun dari
✓ Get off the bus.
✓ The book fell off the table.
THROUGH
Melewati/menembus
✓ Walk through the door.
✓ Drive through the tunnel.
ACROSS
Menyeberangi
✓ Walk across the street.
✓ Swim across the river.
ALONG
Sepanjang/menyusuri
✓ Walk along the beach.
✓ Drive along the river.
TOWARDS
Ke arah (belum sampai)
✓ He walked towards me.
✓ Moving towards the exit.
🔄 TO vs TOWARDS vs INTO
"I went to the store." (sampai di toko)
"I walked towards the store." (menuju, mungkin belum sampai)
"I walked into the store." (masuk ke dalam toko)
📚 Prepositions Lainnya
BY
✓ I go to work by bus.
✓ This book was written by J.K. Rowling.
✓ Please submit by Friday.
FOR
✓ This gift is for you.
✓ I've lived here for 5 years.
✓ Thank you for helping me.
WITH
✓ I live with my parents.
✓ Cut it with scissors.
✓ The girl with long hair.
WITHOUT
Tanpa
✓ Coffee without sugar.
✓ I can't live without you.
✓ He left without saying goodbye.
ABOUT
Tentang / kira-kira
✓ A book about history.
✓ What are you thinking about?
✓ About 50 people came.
BETWEEN vs AMONG
✓ Sit between John and Mary.
✓ She is popular among students.
⏰ FOR vs SINCE (dengan Present Perfect)
for 2 hours, for 5 years, for a week
"I have lived here for 10 years."
since 2020, since Monday, since I was young
"I have lived here since 2014."
📋 Quick Reference
⏰ Waktu
AT: jam, waktu spesifik
ON: hari, tanggal
IN: bulan, tahun, periode
📍 Tempat
AT: titik lokasi
ON: permukaan
IN: di dalam
➡️ Arah
TO: menuju
FROM: dari
INTO/OUT OF: masuk/keluar