🎯 Apa itu Collocations?
Collocations adalah kombinasi kata yang sering dipakai bersama oleh native speakers. Kata-kata ini "cocok" satu sama lain dan terdengar natural. Kalau salah collocation, grammar-nya benar tapi terdengar aneh!
❌ Grammar Benar, Tapi Aneh:
"I did a mistake."
"Strong rain is falling."
"I said a speech."
✅ Natural English:
"I made a mistake."
"Heavy rain is falling."
"I gave a speech."
💡 Kenapa Collocations Penting?
- ✅ Membuat English terdengar natural seperti native speaker
- ✅ Meningkatkan fluency dalam speaking dan writing
- ✅ Menghindari kesalahan yang terdengar aneh meski grammar benar
- ✅ Sering muncul di TOEFL, IELTS, dan tes bahasa Inggris
- ✅ Membedakan intermediate vs advanced learners
Collocations
Kategori
Natural
1. Make vs Do Collocations
📖 Aturan Umum:
MAKE: Dipakai untuk menciptakan/menghasilkan sesuatu
DO: Dipakai untuk aktivitas/pekerjaan
MAKE Collocations
make a decision
= membuat keputusan
make a mistake
= membuat kesalahan
make money
= menghasilkan uang
make a plan
= membuat rencana
make a choice
= membuat pilihan
make progress
= membuat kemajuan
make an effort
= berusaha
make a difference
= membuat perbedaan
make a phone call
= menelepon
make friends
= berteman
make a promise
= berjanji
make an appointment
= membuat janji temu
make breakfast/lunch/dinner
= membuat sarapan/makan siang/malam
make a suggestion
= memberi saran
make an excuse
= membuat alasan
DO Collocations
do homework
= mengerjakan PR
do housework
= mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah
do business
= berbisnis
do exercise
= berolahraga
do your best
= melakukan yang terbaik
do the dishes
= mencuci piring
do laundry
= mencuci baju
do research
= melakukan riset
do a favor
= melakukan bantuan
do damage
= merusak
do harm
= menyakiti
do good
= berbuat baik
do your hair
= merapikan rambut
do the shopping
= berbelanja
do well/badly
= melakukan dengan baik/buruk
2. Have vs Take Collocations
📖 Aturan Umum:
HAVE: Dipakai untuk makan/minum, pengalaman, kondisi
TAKE: Dipakai untuk waktu, transportasi, aksi
HAVE Collocations
have breakfast/lunch/dinner
= sarapan/makan siang/malam
have a drink
= minum
have a shower/bath
= mandi
have a rest
= istirahat
have a good time
= bersenang-senang
have fun
= bersenang-senang
have a party
= mengadakan pesta
have a meeting
= mengadakan rapat
have a conversation
= bercakap-cakap
have a look
= melihat
have a problem
= punya masalah
have a cold/flu
= pilek/flu
have a headache
= sakit kepala
have an idea
= punya ide
have a baby
= melahirkan
TAKE Collocations
take a break
= istirahat sebentar
take a photo
= mengambil foto
take a test/exam
= mengikuti tes/ujian
take a seat
= duduk
take a taxi/bus/train
= naik taksi/bus/kereta
take time
= memakan waktu
take medicine
= minum obat
take notes
= mencatat
take a chance
= mengambil kesempatan
take care of
= mengurus
take place
= terjadi
take part in
= berpartisipasi
take turns
= bergantian
take action
= mengambil tindakan
take responsibility
= bertanggung jawab
3. Adjective + Noun Collocations
Weather (Cuaca)
- heavy rain (hujan deras) ❌ strong rain
- strong wind (angin kencang) ❌ heavy wind
- thick fog (kabut tebal) ❌ heavy fog
- bright sunshine (sinar matahari terang)
Food & Drink (Makanan & Minuman)
- strong coffee (kopi kental) ❌ heavy coffee
- fresh bread (roti segar)
- fast food (makanan cepat saji)
- junk food (makanan tidak sehat)
- soft drink (minuman ringan)
Traffic & Transport (Lalu Lintas)
- heavy traffic (lalu lintas padat) ❌ strong traffic
- rush hour (jam sibuk)
- public transport (transportasi umum)
- speed limit (batas kecepatan)
Temperature (Suhu)
- high temperature (suhu tinggi) ❌ tall temperature
- low temperature (suhu rendah) ❌ short temperature
- freezing cold (dingin sekali)
- boiling hot (panas sekali)
Pain & Illness (Sakit)
- sharp pain (sakit tajam)
- severe pain (sakit parah)
- serious illness (penyakit serius)
- minor injury (luka ringan)
Sound (Suara)
- loud noise (suara keras) ❌ high noise
- soft voice (suara lembut)
- deep voice (suara dalam)
- high-pitched voice (suara tinggi)
Money & Price (Uang & Harga)
- high price (harga tinggi) ❌ expensive price
- low price (harga rendah) ❌ cheap price
- reasonable price (harga wajar)
- fixed price (harga tetap)
Time (Waktu)
- spare time (waktu luang) ❌ free time (bisa, tapi spare lebih umum)
- quality time (waktu berkualitas)
- long time (waktu lama)
- short time (waktu singkat)
4. Verb + Noun Collocations
Communication (Komunikasi)
- tell a lie (berbohong) ❌ say a lie
- tell the truth (berkata jujur)
- tell a story (bercerita)
- tell a joke (bercanda)
- give a speech (berpidato) ❌ say a speech
- give a presentation (presentasi)
- make a comment (berkomentar)
- express an opinion (menyatakan pendapat)
Actions (Aksi)
- catch a cold (pilek) ❌ get a cold (bisa, tapi catch lebih umum)
- catch a bus/train (naik bus/kereta)
- miss a bus/train (ketinggalan bus/kereta)
- miss an opportunity (kehilangan kesempatan)
- break a promise (melanggar janji)
- break a record (memecahkan rekor)
- keep a promise (menepati janji)
- keep a secret (menyimpan rahasia)
Decisions & Plans (Keputusan & Rencana)
- reach a decision (mencapai keputusan)
- come to a decision (sampai pada keputusan)
- draw a conclusion (menarik kesimpulan)
- reach a conclusion (mencapai kesimpulan)
- achieve a goal (mencapai tujuan)
- set a goal (menetapkan tujuan)
Problems (Masalah)
- solve a problem (menyelesaikan masalah)
- face a problem (menghadapi masalah)
- cause a problem (menyebabkan masalah)
- raise a question (mengajukan pertanyaan)
- answer a question (menjawab pertanyaan)
Attention & Interest (Perhatian & Minat)
- pay attention (memperhatikan) ❌ give attention
- draw attention (menarik perhatian)
- attract attention (menarik perhatian)
- show interest (menunjukkan minat)
- lose interest (kehilangan minat)
Damage & Harm (Kerusakan & Bahaya)
- cause damage (menyebabkan kerusakan)
- do damage (merusak)
- do harm (menyakiti)
- pose a threat (menimbulkan ancaman)
- run a risk (mengambil risiko)
5. Adverb + Adjective Collocations
Intensifiers (Penguat)
- deeply concerned (sangat khawatir)
- deeply disappointed (sangat kecewa)
- highly recommended (sangat direkomendasikan)
- highly unlikely (sangat tidak mungkin)
- bitterly disappointed (sangat kecewa)
- bitterly cold (dingin sekali)
- completely different (benar-benar berbeda)
- totally wrong (benar-benar salah)
- absolutely right (benar-benar benar)
- perfectly clear (sangat jelas)
Common Combinations
- seriously ill (sakit parah)
- seriously injured (luka parah)
- badly hurt (terluka parah)
- badly damaged (rusak parah)
- fully aware (sepenuhnya sadar)
- fully booked (penuh terpesan)
- widely known (dikenal luas)
- widely available (tersedia luas)
6. Verb + Preposition Collocations
Common Verb + Preposition
- depend on (tergantung pada) ❌ depend of
- belong to (milik) ❌ belong of
- consist of (terdiri dari) ❌ consist from
- apologize for (meminta maaf untuk) ❌ apologize of
- apply for (melamar) ❌ apply to (a job)
- arrive at/in (tiba di) ❌ arrive to
- believe in (percaya pada)
- care about (peduli tentang)
- complain about (mengeluh tentang)
- concentrate on (fokus pada)
- deal with (menangani)
- dream about/of (bermimpi tentang)
- insist on (bersikeras pada)
- laugh at (tertawa pada)
- listen to (mendengarkan) ❌ listen
- look for (mencari)
- look after (merawat)
- look forward to (menantikan)
- participate in (berpartisipasi dalam)
- succeed in (berhasil dalam)
7. Noun + Preposition Collocations
Common Noun + Preposition
- reason for (alasan untuk) ❌ reason of
- solution to (solusi untuk) ❌ solution of
- answer to (jawaban untuk) ❌ answer of
- attitude to/towards (sikap terhadap)
- damage to (kerusakan pada)
- increase in (peningkatan dalam)
- decrease in (penurunan dalam)
- difference between (perbedaan antara)
- relationship with (hubungan dengan)
- connection between (koneksi antara)
8. Time Expression Collocations
Time Collocations
- save time (menghemat waktu) ❌ economize time
- waste time (membuang waktu)
- spend time (menghabiskan waktu)
- kill time (membunuh waktu)
- pass time (menghabiskan waktu)
- run out of time (kehabisan waktu)
- on time (tepat waktu)
- in time (masih sempat)
- at the moment (saat ini)
- for the time being (untuk sementara)
9. Money & Business Collocations
Money Collocations
- save money (menabung)
- spend money (menghabiskan uang)
- waste money (membuang uang)
- earn money (menghasilkan uang)
- borrow money (meminjam uang)
- lend money (meminjamkan uang)
- raise money (mengumpulkan uang)
- invest money (menginvestasikan uang)
Business Collocations
- run a business (menjalankan bisnis)
- start a business (memulai bisnis)
- close a deal (menutup kesepakatan)
- sign a contract (menandatangani kontrak)
- launch a product (meluncurkan produk)
- meet a deadline (memenuhi tenggat waktu)
10. Common Expression Collocations
Everyday Expressions
- burst into tears (menangis tiba-tiba)
- burst out laughing (tertawa tiba-tiba)
- fall asleep (tertidur)
- get married (menikah)
- get divorced (bercerai)
- get engaged (bertunangan)
- go bald (botak)
- go blind (buta)
- go crazy (gila)
- go wrong (salah)
- come true (menjadi kenyataan)
- come to an end (berakhir)
📊 Ringkasan Collocations
🔑 Poin Penting:
- Collocations = kata yang "cocok" bersama dan terdengar natural
- Grammar benar ≠ terdengar natural. Perlu collocation yang tepat!
- Tidak bisa diterjemahkan literal dari bahasa Indonesia
- Hafalkan sebagai satu unit, bukan kata per kata
- Native speakers pakai collocation secara otomatis
💡 Tips Menguasai Collocations:
- ✅ Hafalkan collocation sebagai satu kesatuan, bukan kata terpisah
- ✅ Perhatikan collocation saat membaca atau mendengar native speakers
- ✅ Buat flashcards untuk collocation yang sering salah
- ✅ Latihan menulis kalimat dengan collocation baru
- ✅ Gunakan collocation dictionary saat menulis
- ✅ Jangan terjemahkan literal dari Indonesia!
⭐ Top 20 Collocations yang Paling Sering Salah:
- ❌ do a mistake → ✅ make a mistake
- ❌ say a speech → ✅ give a speech
- ❌ strong rain → ✅ heavy rain
- ❌ high noise → ✅ loud noise
- ❌ expensive price → ✅ high price
- ❌ say a lie → ✅ tell a lie
- ❌ get a cold → ✅ catch a cold
- ❌ give attention → ✅ pay attention
- ❌ economize time → ✅ save time
- ❌ depend of → ✅ depend on
- ❌ arrive to → ✅ arrive at/in
- ❌ listen music → ✅ listen to music
- ❌ reason of → ✅ reason for
- ❌ solution of → ✅ solution to
- ❌ free time → ✅ spare time (lebih umum)
- ❌ tall temperature → ✅ high temperature
- ❌ strong traffic → ✅ heavy traffic
- ❌ heavy coffee → ✅ strong coffee
- ❌ do homework → ✅ do homework (ini benar!)
- ❌ make homework → ✅ do homework (bukan make!)