4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Kegunaan: Menekankan durasi aktivitas yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang, atau baru saja selesai dengan efek yang masih terasa.
📝 Rumus:
(+) Subject + have/has + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb-ing?
💡 Contoh Kalimat:
- (+) I have been waiting for you for 2 hours. (Saya sudah menunggu kamu selama 2 jam.)
- (+) She has been studying since morning. (Dia sudah belajar sejak pagi.)
- (+) It has been raining all day. (Hujan sudah turun sepanjang hari.)
- (+) They have been working on this project for months. (Mereka sudah mengerjakan proyek ini selama berbulan-bulan.)
- (-) He hasn't been feeling well lately. (Dia tidak merasa sehat akhir-akhir ini.)
- (?) Have you been exercising regularly? (Apakah kamu sudah berolahraga secara teratur?)
- (?) How long has she been learning English? (Sudah berapa lama dia belajar bahasa Inggris?)
⏰ Kata Keterangan Waktu:
for, since, all day/week/month, lately, recently, how long
💭 Tips Mengingat:
Bedakan dengan Present Perfect: Present Perfect fokus pada hasil, Present Perfect Continuous fokus pada proses/durasi.
Contoh: "I have read 3 books" (hasil) vs "I have been reading for 2 hours" (durasi)
🇮🇩 Kenapa Orang Indonesia Sering Bingung?
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, "Saya sudah membaca 3 buku" dan "Saya sudah membaca selama 2 jam" sama-sama pakai "sudah membaca". Tidak ada perbedaan bentuk kata kerja.
Bahasa Inggris membedakan: fokus pada hasil (berapa buku?) atau proses (berapa lama?).
❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya:
❌ "I have been knowing him for years."
✅ "I have known him for years."
Stative verbs (know, love, believe, want) tidak pakai continuous form. Pakai Present Perfect biasa.
❌ "She has been written 3 emails."
✅ "She has written 3 emails." (Present Perfect)
Kalau fokus pada jumlah/hasil, pakai Present Perfect biasa. Present Perfect Continuous untuk durasi, bukan kuantitas.
❌ "I have been waiting since 2 hours."
✅ "I have been waiting for 2 hours."
Since = titik waktu (since 3 PM, since Monday). For = durasi (for 2 hours, for 3 days).