🤔 Kenapa Question Formation Penting?
Membuat pertanyaan adalah skill paling dasar dalam komunikasi. Tanpa bisa bertanya, kamu tidak bisa mendapatkan informasi yang kamu butuhkan!
Yes/No Questions
Jawaban: Yes atau No
Wh-Questions
What, Where, When, Why, Who, How
Subject Questions
Tanya tentang subjek
Tag Questions
You're coming, aren't you?
🇮🇩 Kenapa Sulit untuk Orang Indonesia?
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kita bisa membuat pertanyaan hanya dengan intonasi: "Kamu mau pergi?" (naik di akhir). Struktur kalimatnya sama dengan pernyataan.
Dalam bahasa Inggris, struktur kalimat HARUS berubah: "You want to go" → "Do you want to go?" Tidak bisa hanya pakai intonasi!
1. Yes/No Questions
Pertanyaan yang jawabannya Yes atau No
📝 Rumus Dasar
Dengan BE (am/is/are/was/were)
BE + Subject + ...?
She is happy. (pernyataan)
Is she happy? (pertanyaan)
They are students.
Are they students?
Dengan DO/DOES/DID
Do/Does/Did + Subject + Verb 1 + ...?
You like coffee. (pernyataan)
Do you like coffee? (pertanyaan)
She works here.
Does she work here?
They went home.
Did they go home?
Dengan Modal Verbs (can/will/should/must)
Modal + Subject + Verb 1 + ...?
You can swim.
Can you swim?
She will come.
Will she come?
Dengan HAVE/HAS (Present Perfect)
Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + ...?
You have finished.
Have you finished?
She has eaten.
Has she eaten?
❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya
❌ "You like coffee?" (hanya intonasi)
✅ "Do you like coffee?"
Dalam bahasa Inggris, HARUS pakai auxiliary verb (do/does/did). Tidak bisa hanya pakai intonasi seperti bahasa Indonesia.
❌ "Does she works here?"
✅ "Does she work here?"
Setelah does/did, verb kembali ke bentuk dasar (V1). Tidak pakai -s atau -ed lagi.
❌ "Did you went home?"
✅ "Did you go home?"
Setelah did, verb pakai V1 (go), bukan V2 (went).
❌ "Are you can swim?"
✅ "Can you swim?"
Modal verb (can) tidak perlu auxiliary. Langsung: Can + subject + verb.
2. Wh-Questions
Pertanyaan dengan What, Where, When, Why, Who, How
📝 Rumus Dasar
Wh-word + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + ...?
Auxiliary = do/does/did, am/is/are/was/were, can/will/should, have/has
📋 Daftar Wh-Words
WHAT
Apa
What do you want?
Apa yang kamu mau?
What is your name?
Siapa nama kamu?
WHERE
Di mana
Where do you live?
Di mana kamu tinggal?
Where is the bathroom?
Di mana kamar mandi?
WHEN
Kapan
When did you arrive?
Kapan kamu tiba?
When is your birthday?
Kapan ulang tahunmu?
WHY
Mengapa
Why are you late?
Mengapa kamu terlambat?
Why did you do that?
Mengapa kamu melakukan itu?
WHO
Siapa
Who is that?
Siapa itu?
Who did you meet?
Siapa yang kamu temui?
HOW
Bagaimana
How are you?
Apa kabar?
How did you do it?
Bagaimana kamu melakukannya?
🎯 HOW + Adjective/Adverb
How old...?
How old are you? (Berapa umurmu?)
How long...?
How long have you lived here? (Sudah berapa lama tinggal di sini?)
How far...?
How far is the station? (Seberapa jauh stasiunnya?)
How much...?
How much is it? (Berapa harganya?)
How many...?
How many books do you have? (Berapa banyak buku yang kamu punya?)
How often...?
How often do you exercise? (Seberapa sering kamu olahraga?)
❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya
❌ "Where you are going?"
✅ "Where are you going?"
Urutan: Wh-word + auxiliary + subject + verb. Jangan ikuti urutan bahasa Indonesia!
❌ "What you want?"
✅ "What do you want?"
Tetap perlu auxiliary verb (do/does/did) kecuali pakai BE atau modal.
❌ "How much books do you have?"
✅ "How many books do you have?"
How much = uncountable. How many = countable. Books bisa dihitung, jadi pakai "many".
3. Subject Questions
Pertanyaan tentang subjek (siapa yang melakukan)
📝 Aturan Khusus
Kalau yang ditanya adalah SUBJEK, TIDAK PERLU auxiliary verb (do/does/did)!
Who/What + Verb + ...?
💡 Perbandingan: Subject vs Object Questions
Subject Question
Tanya tentang SUBJEK (siapa yang melakukan)
Someone called you. (Seseorang meneleponmu)
Who called you? (Siapa yang meneleponmu?)
❌ TIDAK: Who did call you?
Something happened. (Sesuatu terjadi)
What happened? (Apa yang terjadi?)
❌ TIDAK: What did happen?
Object Question
Tanya tentang OBJEK (siapa yang menerima)
You called someone. (Kamu menelepon seseorang)
Who did you call? (Siapa yang kamu telepon?)
✅ Pakai DID karena tanya objek
You saw something. (Kamu melihat sesuatu)
What did you see? (Apa yang kamu lihat?)
✅ Pakai DID karena tanya objek
📋 Lebih Banyak Contoh Subject Questions
Who broke the window?
Siapa yang memecahkan jendela?
Subject question - tidak pakai did
Who is coming to the party?
Siapa yang datang ke pesta?
What caused the accident?
Apa yang menyebabkan kecelakaan?
Which team won the game?
Tim mana yang menang?
❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya
❌ "Who did call you?"
✅ "Who called you?"
Subject question TIDAK pakai did/does/do. Langsung: Who + verb.
❌ "Who you called?" (object question)
✅ "Who did you call?"
Kalau tanya objek, tetap pakai did/does/do.
4. Tag Questions
Pertanyaan ekor: "kan?" atau "bukan?"
📝 Aturan Dasar
Kalimat positif → tag negatif
Kalimat negatif → tag positif
Tag question selalu pakai auxiliary verb yang sama dengan kalimat utama
💡 Contoh Tag Questions
Dengan BE (am/is/are/was/were)
You are happy, aren't you?
Kamu bahagia, kan?
She isn't coming, is she?
Dia tidak datang, kan?
They were late, weren't they?
Mereka terlambat, kan?
Dengan DO/DOES/DID
You like coffee, don't you?
Kamu suka kopi, kan?
She works here, doesn't she?
Dia kerja di sini, kan?
They didn't go, did they?
Mereka tidak pergi, kan?
Dengan Modal Verbs
You can swim, can't you?
Kamu bisa berenang, kan?
She will come, won't she?
Dia akan datang, kan?
We should go, shouldn't we?
Kita harus pergi, kan?
Dengan HAVE/HAS
You have finished, haven't you?
Kamu sudah selesai, kan?
She has eaten, hasn't she?
Dia sudah makan, kan?
⚠️ Kasus Khusus
I am → aren't I?
I am right, aren't I?
Bukan "am I not?" atau "amn't I?"
Let's → shall we?
Let's go, shall we?
Khusus untuk "Let's"
Imperative → will you?
Close the door, will you?
Untuk perintah
❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya
❌ "You like coffee, isn't it?"
✅ "You like coffee, don't you?"
Tag harus sesuai dengan auxiliary di kalimat utama. "Like" pakai do/does, bukan is/are.
❌ "She is happy, isn't she?" (salah pronoun)
✅ "She is happy, isn't she?"
Pronoun di tag harus sama dengan subjek: she → she, they → they.
5. Indirect Questions
Pertanyaan tidak langsung (lebih sopan)
📝 Aturan Dasar
Indirect question lebih sopan dan formal. Struktur kalimatnya berubah jadi seperti pernyataan (bukan pertanyaan).
Polite phrase + Wh-word + Subject + Verb
TIDAK pakai auxiliary (do/does/did) di bagian indirect!
💡 Polite Phrases
🔄 Direct vs Indirect Questions
| Direct Question | Indirect Question |
|---|---|
| Where is the station? | Can you tell me where the station is? |
| What time does it start? | Do you know what time it starts? |
| How much does it cost? | Could you tell me how much it costs? |
| Why did she leave? | I wonder why she left? |
| Is he coming? | Do you know if he is coming? |
⚠️ Perhatikan!
Untuk Yes/No questions yang jadi indirect, pakai if atau whether:
Is she coming?
Do you know if/whether she is coming?
Did he pass the exam?
I wonder if/whether he passed the exam?
❌ Kesalahan Umum & Akibatnya
❌ "Can you tell me where is the station?"
✅ "Can you tell me where the station is?"
Indirect question pakai urutan pernyataan (subject + verb), bukan urutan pertanyaan.
❌ "Do you know what does it cost?"
✅ "Do you know what it costs?"
TIDAK pakai does/do/did di bagian indirect question.
6. Negative Questions
Pertanyaan negatif (untuk konfirmasi atau surprise)
📝 Rumus
Auxiliary + n't + Subject + Verb + ...?
atau
Auxiliary + Subject + not + Verb + ...?
💡 Kapan Pakai Negative Questions?
1. Konfirmasi (mengharapkan jawaban Yes)
Don't you like pizza?
Kamu tidak suka pizza? (Saya kira kamu suka)
Isn't she beautiful?
Bukankah dia cantik? (Saya pikir dia cantik)
2. Surprise (terkejut)
Didn't you know about the meeting?
Kamu tidak tahu tentang rapat? (Saya kira kamu tahu)
Haven't you finished yet?
Kamu belum selesai? (Saya kira sudah selesai)
3. Suggestion (saran sopan)
Why don't we go to the beach?
Kenapa kita tidak pergi ke pantai? (Ayo pergi)
Wouldn't it be better to wait?
Bukankah lebih baik menunggu?
📋 Contoh Lebih Banyak
Can't you swim?
Kamu tidak bisa berenang?
Won't you come with us?
Kamu tidak mau ikut kami?
Doesn't she work here?
Dia tidak kerja di sini?
Aren't you tired?
Kamu tidak lelah?
📊 Ringkasan Question Formation
Yes/No Questions
Auxiliary + Subject + Verb?
- Do you like coffee?
- Is she happy?
- Can you swim?
- Have you finished?
Wh-Questions
Wh-word + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb?
- What do you want?
- Where are you going?
- When did you arrive?
- Why are you late?
Subject Questions
Who/What + Verb? (NO auxiliary!)
- Who called you?
- What happened?
- Who broke the window?
- Which team won?
Tag Questions
Statement, auxiliary + pronoun?
- You like coffee, don't you?
- She is happy, isn't she?
- They can swim, can't they?
- Let's go, shall we?
Indirect Questions
Polite phrase + Wh + Subject + Verb
- Can you tell me where it is?
- Do you know what time it starts?
- I wonder why she left?
- Could you tell me if he's coming?
Negative Questions
Auxiliary + n't + Subject + Verb?
- Don't you like pizza?
- Isn't she beautiful?
- Can't you swim?
- Haven't you finished?