🔄 Active vs Passive Voice

Kalimat Aktif vs Pasif dalam Bahasa Inggris

← Kembali ke Home 🎯 Quiz Active/Passive

🤔 Apa itu Active & Passive Voice?

Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif)

Subjek melakukan aksi

John writes a letter.

(John menulis surat)

Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

Subjek menerima aksi

A letter is written by John.

(Surat ditulis oleh John)

🇮🇩 Kenapa Sulit untuk Orang Indonesia?

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, passive voice dibuat dengan awalan "di-": "Surat ditulis oleh John." Bentuk kata kerjanya berubah dengan awalan.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, passive voice pakai BE + Verb 3: "is written", "was written", "has been written". Harus tahu bentuk Verb 3 dan BE yang tepat untuk setiap tense!

📌 Kapan Pakai Passive Voice?

1

Objek lebih penting dari subjek

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

2

Tidak tahu siapa yang melakukan

My car was stolen last night.

3

Tidak penting siapa yang melakukan

English is spoken in many countries.

4

Formal writing (scientific, academic)

The experiment was conducted in 2020.

📐

1. Rumus Dasar Passive Voice

Cara mengubah Active menjadi Passive

📝 Rumus Umum

Active: Subject + Verb + Object

Passive: Object + BE + Verb 3 + (by Subject)

🔄 Langkah-Langkah Mengubah Active → Passive

1

Objek jadi Subjek

Objek dari active voice menjadi subjek di passive voice

2

Tambah BE + Verb 3

BE disesuaikan dengan tense dan subjek baru

3

Subjek jadi by-agent (opsional)

Subjek dari active voice jadi "by + subjek" di akhir

💡 Contoh Transformasi

Active:

John writes a letter.

→
Passive:

A letter is written by John.

Active:

She ate the cake.

→
Passive:

The cake was eaten by her.

Active:

They will build a house.

→
Passive:

A house will be built by them.

⏰

2. Passive Voice di Semua Tenses

Rumus passive untuk setiap tense

📋 Tabel Passive Voice

Tense Active Passive
Simple Present He writes a letter. A letter is written by him.
Present Continuous He is writing a letter. A letter is being written by him.
Present Perfect He has written a letter. A letter has been written by him.
Simple Past He wrote a letter. A letter was written by him.
Past Continuous He was writing a letter. A letter was being written by him.
Past Perfect He had written a letter. A letter had been written by him.
Simple Future He will write a letter. A letter will be written by him.
Future Perfect He will have written a letter. A letter will have been written by him.

🎯 Pola Umum

Simple Tenses

am/is/are/was/were + Verb 3

is written, was written

Continuous Tenses

am/is/are/was/were + being + Verb 3

is being written, was being written

Perfect Tenses

have/has/had + been + Verb 3

has been written, had been written

Future Tenses

will + be + Verb 3

will be written, will have been written

🎭

3. Passive dengan Modal Verbs

can, could, will, would, should, must, may, might

📝 Rumus

Active: Subject + Modal + Verb 1 + Object

Passive: Object + Modal + be + Verb 3 + (by Subject)

💡 Contoh dengan Modal Verbs

CAN

Active: She can solve the problem.

Passive: The problem can be solved by her.

WILL

Active: They will finish the project.

Passive: The project will be finished by them.

SHOULD

Active: You should do your homework.

Passive: Your homework should be done by you.

MUST

Active: We must follow the rules.

Passive: The rules must be followed by us.

👤

4. By-Agent: Kapan Perlu, Kapan Tidak?

Aturan penggunaan "by + pelaku"

✅ Kapan PERLU pakai "by + agent"

1. Pelaku penting/terkenal

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

Mona Lisa dilukis oleh Leonardo da Vinci.

Leonardo da Vinci adalah pelukis terkenal, jadi penting disebutkan.

2. Pelaku mengejutkan/tidak terduga

The window was broken by a bird.

Jendela dipecahkan oleh burung.

Tidak terduga bahwa burung yang memecahkan jendela.

3. Untuk klarifikasi

The report was written by John, not by Mary.

Laporan ditulis oleh John, bukan Mary.

Perlu klarifikasi siapa yang menulis.

❌ Kapan TIDAK perlu pakai "by + agent"

1. Pelaku tidak diketahui

My car was stolen last night.

Mobil saya dicuri tadi malam.

Tidak tahu siapa yang mencuri.

2. Pelaku sudah jelas/umum

English is spoken in many countries.

Bahasa Inggris digunakan di banyak negara.

Jelas bahwa "people" yang berbicara, tidak perlu disebutkan.

3. Pelaku tidak penting

The house was built in 1990.

Rumah dibangun tahun 1990.

Yang penting adalah tahunnya, bukan siapa yang membangun.

4. Pelaku adalah "people", "someone", "they" (umum)

❌ The door was opened by someone.

✅ The door was opened.

"Someone" terlalu umum, tidak perlu disebutkan.

⚠️

5. Kesalahan Umum Orang Indonesia

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi dan cara memperbaikinya

❌ "The book is write by John."

✅ "The book is written by John."

Passive voice HARUS pakai Verb 3 (written), bukan Verb 1 (write).

❌ "The letter written by John." (tanpa BE)

✅ "The letter is written by John."

Passive voice HARUS pakai BE + Verb 3. Tidak bisa hanya Verb 3 saja.

❌ "The cake was ate by her."

✅ "The cake was eaten by her."

Setelah BE, pakai Verb 3 (eaten), bukan Verb 2 (ate).

❌ "The house will built next year."

✅ "The house will be built next year."

Passive dengan modal: Modal + be + Verb 3. Jangan lupa "be"!

❌ "The problem can solved by her."

✅ "The problem can be solved by her."

Modal + be + Verb 3. "Can be solved" bukan "can solved".

❌ "English is speak in many countries."

✅ "English is spoken in many countries."

BE + Verb 3 (spoken), bukan Verb 1 (speak).

❌ "The car is being repair."

✅ "The car is being repaired."

Present Continuous Passive: is being + Verb 3 (repaired).

❌ "The work has done by them."

✅ "The work has been done by them."

Present Perfect Passive: has/have + been + Verb 3. Jangan lupa "been"!

❌ "I was boring in the class." (salah arti!)

✅ "I was bored in the class."

"I was boring" = Saya membosankan (sifat saya). "I was bored" = Saya merasa bosan (perasaan saya).

❌ Overuse passive (terlalu sering pakai passive)

✅ Pakai active kalau lebih natural

Contoh: "The book was bought by me" → Lebih natural: "I bought the book." Passive tidak selalu lebih baik!

📊 Ringkasan Active vs Passive Voice

Rumus Dasar

Object + BE + Verb 3 + (by Subject)

  • Active: John writes a letter
  • Passive: A letter is written by John

Passive di Tenses

  • Simple: is/was written
  • Continuous: is/was being written
  • Perfect: has/had been written
  • Future: will be written

Passive dengan Modal

Modal + be + Verb 3

  • can be solved
  • will be finished
  • should be done
  • must be followed

Kapan Pakai Passive?

  • Objek lebih penting
  • Tidak tahu pelaku
  • Pelaku tidak penting
  • Formal writing

By-Agent

  • ✅ Perlu: pelaku penting/terkenal
  • ✅ Perlu: pelaku mengejutkan
  • ❌ Tidak perlu: pelaku tidak diketahui
  • ❌ Tidak perlu: pelaku tidak penting

Tips Penting

  • Selalu pakai BE + Verb 3
  • Modal + be + Verb 3
  • Jangan overuse passive
  • Active lebih natural untuk conversation